Is working from home less productive?

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1. 1

   Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment *

   The Quarterly Journal of Economics (Bloom et al.)Published Nov 20, 2014Checked Sep 30, 2026

   “A rising share of employees now regularly engage in working from home (WFH), but there are concerns this can lead to “shirking from home.” We report the results of a WFH experiment at Ctrip, a 16,000-employee, NASDAQ-listed Chinese travel agency. Call center employees who volunteered to WFH were randomly assigned either to work from home or in the office for nine months. Home working led to a 13% performance increase, of which 9% was from working more minutes per shift (fewer breaks and sick days) and 4% from more calls per minute (attributed to a quieter and more convenient working environment). Home workers also reported improved work satisfaction, and their attrition rate halved, but their promotion rate conditional on performance fell. Due to the success of the experiment, Ctrip rolled out the option to WFH to the whole firm and allowed the experimental employees to reselect between the home and office. Interestingly, over half of them switched, which led to the gains from WFH almost doubling to 22%. This highlights the benefits of learning and selection effects when adopting modern management practices like WFH.”

2. 2

   Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance

   Nature (Bloom et al.)Published Jun 12, 2024Checked Sep 30, 2026

   “Here we ran a six-month randomized control trial investigating the effects of hybrid working from home on 1,612 employees in a Chinese technology company in 2021–2022. We found that hybrid working improved job satisfaction and reduced quit rates by one-third. The reduction in quit rates was significant for non-managers, female employees and those with long commutes. Null equivalence tests showed that hybrid working did not affect performance grades over the next two years of reviews. We found no evidence for a difference in promotions over the next two years overall, or for any major employee subgroup. Finally, null equivalence tests showed that hybrid working had no effect on the lines of code written by computer-engineer employees. We also found that the 395 managers in the experiment revised their surveyed views about the effect of hybrid working on productivity, from a perceived negative effect (−2.6% on average) before the experiment to a perceived positive one (+1.0%) after the experiment. These results indicate that a hybrid schedule with two days a week working from home does not damage performance.”

3. 3

   Work from Home and Productivity: Evidence from Personnel and Analytics Data on Information Technology Professionals

   Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics (Gibbs et al.)Published Aug 2, 2022Checked Sep 30, 2026

   “We study employee productivity before and during the working-from-home period of the COVID-19 pandemic, using personnel and analytics data from over 10,000 skilled professionals at an Indian technology company. Hours worked increased, output declined slightly, and productivity fell 8%–19%. We then analyze determinants of productivity changes. An important source is higher communication costs. Time spent on coordination activities and meetings increased, while uninterrupted work hours shrank considerably. Employees networked with fewer individuals and business units inside and outside the firm and had fewer one-to-one meetings with supervisors. The findings suggest key issues for firms in implementing remote work.”

4. 4

   "The impact of COVID-19 on employee productivity and the future of remote work".

   PloS one (Alenazi et al.)Published Jun 17, 2026Checked Oct 4, 2026

   “PurposeThis paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee productivity and the future of remote work beyond the pandemic years. Using data collected from 646 remote workers, we examined the influence of interpersonal relations, time management, stress, and skill development on productivity.Design/methodology/approachWe validated our model using structural equation modelling (SEM), and the results revealed that the sudden shift to remote work had no significant negative impact on productivity.FindingsThe results of this study may encourage HR managers to expand remote work opportunities, thereby enhancing talent attraction and retention in a highly competitive job market.Originality/valueDespite prevalent concerns about COVID-19 and the evolving nature of workplaces, employees perceived remote work as offering greater flexibility in task organization and the opportunity to create a healthier work-life balance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that HR managers should consider allowing remote work post-pandemic as a strategic aspect of workplace evolution.”

5. 5

   Remote work (Wikipedia)

   WikipediaPublished Oct 2, 2026Checked Oct 4, 2026

   “Remote work is the practice of working at or from one's home or another space rather than from an office or workplace. The practice of working at home has been documented for centuries, but remote work for large employers began on a small scale in the 1970s when technology was developed that could link satellite offices to downtown mainframes through dumb terminals using telephone lines as a network bridge. It became more common in the 1990s and 2000s, facilitated by internet technologies such as collaborative software on cloud computing and conference calling via videotelephony. In 2020, workplace hazard controls during the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a rapid transition to remote work for white-collar workers around the world. This shift largely persisted even after restrictions were lifted. Proponents of a geographically distributed workforce argue that it reduces costs associated with maintaining an office, grants employees greater autonomy and flexibility—which improves their motivation and job satisfaction—eliminates environmental harms from commuting, allows employers to access a more geographically diverse pool of applicants, and enables employees to live where they prefer.”